Click on each study for it’s abstract. The one without an abstract is an editorial about the study below it.
Klock-Frézot JC, Ohley WJ, Schock RB, Cote M, Schofield L.
Successful defibrillation in water: a preliminary study.
Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2006;1:4028-30.
PMID: 17945819 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Only a small difference was measured in the overall defibrillation voltage and current as applied to the electrodes for the different cases. Thus, underwater defibrillation is safe and can be performed effectively.
de Vries W, Bierens JJ, Maas MW.
Moderate sea states do not influence the application of an AED in rigid inflatable boats.
Resuscitation. 2006 Aug;70(2):247-53. Epub 2006 Jun 27.
PMID: 16806638 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Our study demonstrated that all the AEDs involved are robust enough to be used on RIBs (Rigid Inflatable Boats); none of them gave problems with monitoring or defibrillation,
Lyster T, Jorgenson D, Morgan C.
The safe use of automated external defibrillators in a wet environment.
Prehosp Emerg Care. 2003 Jul-Sep;7(3):307-11.
PMID: 12879378 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
CONCLUSIONS: Thirty volts may result in some minor sensation by the operator or bystander, but is considered unlikely to be hazardous under these circumstances. The maximum currents were lower than allowed by safety standards. Although defibrillation in a wet environment is not recommended practice, our simulation of a patient and a rescuer/bystander in a wet environment did not show significant risk should circumstances demand it.
Varon J.
Therapeutic hypothermia and the need for defibrillation: wet or dry?
Am J Emerg Med. 2007 May;25(4):479-80. No abstract available.
PMID: 17499671 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Comments positively on the study below, from the same publication.
Schratter A, Weihs W, Holzer M, Janata A, Behringer W, Losert UM, Ohley WJ, Schock RB, Sterz F.
External cardiac defibrillation during wet-surface cooling in pigs.
Am J Emerg Med. 2007 May;25(4):420-4.
PMID: 17499660 [PubMed – indexed for MEDLINE]
Transthoracic defibrillation via AED pads is safe and effective in a wet condition after cooling with ice-cold water in a pig VF cardiac arrest model because ROSC could be achieved in all animals. Thus, this new cooling device needs further exploration in cases of cardiac arrest
in humans.
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